SIREGAR, Fauziah Hanum; HARAHAP, Indra; ASHANI, Sholahuddin; HASABALH, Hashim Mohammed Adam. The Problem of Determinism in Machine Learning: Ashʻarite and Muʻtazilite Free Will Perspectives. Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin, [S. l.], v. 2, n. 2, p. 202–222, 2026. DOI: 10.64691/swkng003. Disponível em: https://ejournal.albahriah-institut.org/index.php/al-qarawiyyin/article/view/174. Acesso em: 3 aug. 2026.